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To bypass the Hormuz blockade, the industry must pivot to underutilized overland routes, such as Saudi Arabia’s East-West (Petroline) or the UAE’s Habshan-Fujairah line. However, these assets are not infinitely elastic relief valves. Forcing these aging systems to operate at 120% or 150% of their rated nameplate capacity introduces extreme hoop stress and accelerated internal erosion. This operational overreach risks catastrophic mechanical failure, where the combined effects of high-velocity turbulence and vibrational fatigue can trigger a systemic rupture. Such a failure would turn a strategic bypass into a secondary environmental and economic disaster, proving that the old-world order of oil was just shattered by the closing of Iran’s key global chokepoint.
manager so it must be used in a `with` statement.
Holly Nicholsin Milton Keynes